Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterised by excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to elevated levels of calcium in the blood. When left untreated, hyperparathyroidism can have serious consequences for your health. In this guide, we’ll explore the potential risks and complications associated with untreated hyperparathyroidism.
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia occurs when there’s an excess of calcium in the blood, often due to untreated hyperparathyroidism. This condition can lead to various complications, including kidney stones, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, and confusion. Elevated calcium levels can disrupt normal bodily functions and affect multiple organs, potentially causing long-term damage if left untreated.
Kidney Stones
Untreated hyperparathyroidism can lead to the formation of kidney stones, which are hard mineral deposits that develop in the kidneys. These stones can cause severe pain, especially when passing through the urinary tract. Chronic kidney stone formation can lead to kidney damage and increase the risk of urinary tract infections.
Osteoporosis
Hyperparathyroidism can result in excessive calcium release from bones into the bloodstream, leading to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. Over time, untreated osteoporosis can significantly impair mobility and quality of life, as well as increase the likelihood of serious fractures, particularly in older adults.
Cardiovascular Disease
Elevated calcium levels associated with untreated hyperparathyroidism can contribute to cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, arrhythmias, and vascular calcification. These conditions increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events, highlighting the importance of managing hyperparathyroidism to protect heart health.
Cognitive Impairment
Chronic hypercalcemia resulting from untreated hyperparathyroidism can impair cognitive function, leading to symptoms such as confusion, memory problems, and difficulty concentrating. These cognitive changes can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life, underscoring the importance of early detection and treatment of hyperparathyroidism to prevent long-term neurological complications.
Gastrointestinal Issues
Excess calcium in the bloodstream can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain. These symptoms can significantly affect a person’s quality of life and may require medical intervention to alleviate discomfort and address underlying hyperparathyroidism.
Fatigue
Hyperparathyroidism can lead to persistent fatigue and weakness, even with adequate rest. Elevated calcium levels interfere with muscle function and energy metabolism, contributing to feelings of tiredness and lethargy. Addressing hyperparathyroidism through appropriate medical management is essential to alleviate fatigue and improve overall well-being.
Neuromuscular Symptoms
Untreated hyperparathyroidism can manifest in various neuromuscular symptoms, including muscle weakness, twitching, and spasms. These symptoms result from the disruption of calcium balance in the body, affecting nerve signalling and muscle contraction. Managing hyperparathyroidism can help alleviate these symptoms and prevent further neuromuscular complications.
Bone Pain
Hyperparathyroidism-induced osteoporosis and bone demineralisation can cause chronic bone pain, particularly in weight-bearing bones such as the spine, hips, and legs. This pain can significantly impair mobility and quality of life, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent progressive bone damage.
Renal Complications
Hypercalcemia associated with untreated hyperparathyroidism can impair kidney function, leading to renal complications such as nephrocalcinosis, renal insufficiency, and eventually, kidney failure. Regular monitoring and management of calcium levels are crucial in preventing renal damage and preserving kidney function in individuals with hyperparathyroidism.
Conclusion
Untreated hyperparathyroidism poses significant risks to both physical and mental health. Early detection and appropriate management are essential for preventing complications and preserving overall well-being. If you suspect you may have hyperparathyroidism or are experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and guidance.
