Surgery is often the most effective treatment for hyperparathyroidism, especially when caused by overactive or enlarged parathyroid glands. Known as parathyroidectomy, the procedure can significantly improve symptoms like fatigue, bone pain, and kidney problems. This blog provides a comprehensive overview of what to expect during and after surgical treatment for hyperparathyroidism.
What Is Parathyroidectomy?
Parathyroidectomy is the surgical removal of one or more overactive parathyroid glands. It’s the most effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism, addressing the underlying cause by normalising calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, often providing long-term relief.
Pre-Surgical Evaluation
Before surgery, patients undergo comprehensive evaluations, including blood tests, imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scans), and bone density tests. These assessments help pinpoint overactive glands and determine overall health, ensuring a tailored surgical plan.
Types of Surgery
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is the preferred method, requiring a small incision and targeting specific glands. In some cases, traditional open surgery is necessary. The chosen approach depends on the gland’s location and the surgeon’s recommendation.
Anesthesia and Procedure
The surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia and lasts about 1–2 hours. Minimally invasive techniques may even use local anaesthesia. Patients are monitored closely to ensure safety and comfort throughout the procedure.
Post-Surgical Recovery
Recovery times vary based on the surgical approach. Minimally invasive procedures often allow same-day discharge, while open surgeries may require a short hospital stay. Most patients return to daily activities within 1–2 weeks.
Immediate Results
In most cases, calcium and PTH levels normalise within hours after surgery. Symptoms like fatigue, bone pain, and mood changes often improve rapidly, though some benefits, like increased bone density, take longer.
Potential Risks and Complications
Risks include bleeding, infection, or damage to nearby structures like the vocal cords or thyroid gland. Rarely, hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) may occur, requiring temporary supplements. Choosing an experienced surgeon minimises these risks.
Scarring and Cosmetic Impact
Minimally invasive techniques result in small, often barely visible scars, usually in natural neck creases. For open surgeries, larger scars may occur but are often discreetly placed to reduce cosmetic concerns.
Long-Term Benefits
Surgery offers a high success rate, with most patients experiencing significant symptom relief and improved quality of life. It also reduces risks of complications like kidney stones, osteoporosis, or cardiovascular issues associated with untreated hyperparathyroidism.
Follow-Up Care
Regular follow-ups include monitoring calcium and PTH levels, ensuring no recurrence. Bone density tests and lifestyle adjustments, like adequate hydration and a balanced diet, support long-term recovery and overall health.
Conclusion
Surgical treatment for hyperparathyroidism offers a highly effective solution for managing symptoms and preventing long-term complications. With proper preparation, expert surgical care, and post-operative support, patients can experience significant improvements in their health and quality of life.
